In early 2009, we conducted a survey on five major assembly companies, including engines, transmissions, axles, brake systems, and steering systems. In this survey, the research on enterprise product development capabilities was conducted through four dimensions, including product development methods, key component resource control, key technology foundations, and product development basic capabilities.
Product Development Capability of Engine Assembly and Parts
1. Basically, it has the ability to upgrade the engine's local technology and develop new products. However, the development of the new platform and the concept of the complete machine, the fuel supply system, and the electronic control system are still heavily introduced from abroad or rely heavily on foreign companies.
We divide engine development into four levels of development: local technology upgrades, variant products, new generation products, and new platforms. The survey shows that when companies need new engine platforms, one-third of them choose to import products directly from abroad, and 25% of companies choose the “joint development with foreign countries†approach, indicating that the development of new engine platforms for enterprise engines is still very large. The degree of dependence on foreign products and foreign companies.
We also divided engine development into engine concept development, engine 5C (cylinder block, cylinder head, crankshaft, camshaft, connecting rod) structure development, engine matching, and combustion system, oil supply system, cooling system, and Development of exhaust systems, aftertreatment systems and electronic control systems. The results of the survey indicate that 46.2% and 45.5% of the companies have adopted the method of direct introduction from abroad, and about 60% of the companies are in the oil supply system and the electronic control system. In terms of development, it uses foreign development methods and direct introduction from abroad. Therefore, in the development of important engine systems such as engine concept, 5C structure, fuel supply system, and electronic control system, Chinese companies rely heavily on foreign technology and enterprises.
2. The control ability of engine 5C parts is strong, but the control ability of a large number of purchased parts and components systems related to energy conservation and emission reduction is weak, and diesel engines are weaker than gasoline engines.
The survey results show that the cylinders and cylinder heads of the companies surveyed are mainly self-made, and the crankshafts, camshafts and connecting rods are mainly purchased from outside. Gasoline engine and diesel engine oil supply systems, electronic control systems, exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, valve timing variable systems, booster systems and other key components related to energy conservation and emission reduction systems are "completely outsourced" component systems. The enterprise's ability to define parameters and integrate these systems is weak.
3. The key technical foundations are generally weak, and the technical foundation related to the development capabilities of electronic control systems is the weakest.
We divide the key engine technology base into six technical aspects including CAE analysis capability, kinematics/dynamics analysis capability, thermal management analysis capability, electronic control system development capability, medium and heavy engine product technology, and light engine product technology. The survey results show that the surveyed companies generally have low proportions of the technical details of the six technical aspects, except that the average kinematics/dynamics analysis ability reaches 60%, and the average of the remaining five technical aspects is 30%. And below.
4. The basic capability of product development can reach the level of “basically havingâ€, and the trial production capability is strong, but the test capability has a large gap.
Product development capability of transmission assembly and its components
The analysis of the transmission assembly production enterprises involves three aspects: product development basic capabilities, key component resource control, and product development methods.
1. The production of automobile transmissions in China is still dominated by mechanical transmissions, and automatic transmissions mainly rely on imports. At present, the proportion of global high-end passenger cars using automatic transmissions is as high as 90%, China's proportion is only 30%, and 78% of automatic transmissions rely on imports.
2. The mechanical transmission product development capability is strong, and the assembly and component development can be completed by domestic autonomy. Transmission components include: dry clutches, transmission housings, gears, synchronizers, differentials, parking brakes, shift forks, bearings, hydraulic oil supply systems (pumps/filters), cooling lubrication systems, Pneumatic systems. Survey data shows that China has a strong ability to independently develop mechanical transmission products.
3. The key parts and components of mechanical transmissions are mainly outsourced, and companies have strong control over the purchased parts and components.
4. The basic capabilities for the development of the various products of mechanical transmissions are all "above basic", but the performance of analog computing and analysis is lower than that of "basic".
Product Development Capability of Steering System Assembly and Parts Thereof
At present, China's automobile steering system product types mainly include: mechanical steering systems (including recirculating ball and rack and pinion type), hydraulic power steering systems (including recirculating ball and rack and pinion type), steering column assembly, and electric assistance. steering system. Among them, the mechanical steering system and power steering system products are relatively mature, and enterprises have product development capabilities; steering column technology, especially energy absorbing steering column technology, has entered the independent research and development stage from the introduction and digestion and absorption stages; the electric power steering system has been The process design stage begins to enter the stage of product development. The reliability performance of core technologies and products such as motors and controllers is still the technical bottleneck of our current electric power steering system.
Brake system assembly and its component product development capabilities
China's automotive brake system products can be divided into three categories: pneumatic brake system, hydraulic brake system and electronic brake products. China has carried out a lot of work on the development of electronic brake products represented by ABS and ESP, but there is a big gap between the performance of related products and similar foreign products.
Axle assembly and its component product development capabilities
The key components of the automobile drive axle mainly include: main reducer gear, main reducer bearing, differential assembly, half axle, axle housing; the main contents of product development include: main reducer assembly and differential assembly And drive axle assembly.
1. The drive axle assembly has strong self-development ability. The main reducer assembly and differential have always been co-existed both internally and externally. The product development capability is weak.
2. The main reducer gear and main reducer bearings are purchased from outside, and the control ability of purchased parts and components is weak.
3. The key technical foundations of the investigated axle companies are generally weak. In the survey, the proportion of enterprises with helical gear processing capability was at least 20%. Enterprises with bridge assembly processing capability had only 17% of technical details.
4. The overall self-evaluation of product development basic capabilities is generally "above average" and "competitor product database" and "performance simulation analysis and analysis capabilities" are the weakest.
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