Remedial measures after frost damage of fruit trees
On March 4, 2007, my region suffered a blizzard rarely seen in 56 years. As a result of storms and cooling, the fruit industry in our province was severely damaged, resulting in peaches, plum blossoms, and apricots in some greenhouses. Flowers and other frozen, bare fruit trees outside the ice, and the appearance of "ice", lasting more than 70 hours, resulting in the majority of young trees tilted, some young trees scraped, damaged branches. This year is in an unusually warm winter climate. The phenology period of fruit trees is about 15 to 20 days ahead of schedule. The sap begins to flow. The early-maturing varieties begin to grow buds, sudden blizzards, and freezing of fruit trees is a foregone conclusion. To this end, in order to minimize the loss of fruit farmers, experts in fruit trees of the Provincial Fruit Research Institute proposed the following management techniques for fruit farmers.
First, the possible harm
(I) Freezing of flower buds
The highest temperature before snow is close to 10°C. Some pear varieties with early phenophase and weaker cold resistance, such as Jiange pear and Golden pear, apricot and peach, may suffer from cold buds, resulting in poor flower bud differentiation and even death.
(b) Loss of water on trees
Due to the thicker snow on the ground, the ground temperature rises slowly, and the temperature rises rapidly, causing the above-ground part of the fruit tree to begin to move, but the root activity lags behind, resulting in partial water loss and pumping on the tree, which in turn affects the normal growth of the whole tree. .
Second, remedial measures
(I) Fruit trees cultivated in facilities
Pay attention to disease prevention and spray the fungicide in time. Due to the storm snowstorm, greenhouses and greenhouses have not been unveiled for several days. Specially installed electric rolling shutters in greenhouses and greenhouses, due to power cuts affecting the rolling shutters, the lack of light in greenhouses, forming low temperature, low light, humidity and climatic conditions, Inevitably produce diseases. Therefore, prevention and treatment of diseases are imperative. First of all, it is necessary to promptly clear the affected branches and diseased leaves and reduce the secondary infection; then immediately spray the disinfectant:
Facilities peach spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times + 65% dexamethasone WP 500 times.
The facilities were sprayed with 80% spray WP WP 600 times, or 78% WP WP 600 times. Or 80% spray WP WP 600 times + 40% pyrimethanil suspension 1000 times; or 25% DH 1250 times.
Facilities sweet cherry spray 80% mancozeb WP 800 times; or 40% pyrimethanil suspension 1000 times.
Facilities Lee and Apricot sprayed 50% Pradera WP 1000 times and 40% pyrimethanil suspension 1000 times.
3, pay attention to ventilation and humidity, strengthen fertilizer and water management, foliar spray fertilizer, restore tree vigor.
4, due to the tree in a dark environment for a long time, should avoid excessive temperature rise, resulting in sunburn phenomenon, and the other temperature control not too high.
(b) Fruit trees grown in the open
1, sapling management. Immediately after the snow melts, the saplings are straightened and the method of late cutting (after March 15th) is used to reduce the tree wounds. Conditionally, 10 times more fruit tree water-retaining agent can be sprayed to prevent the phenomenon of pumping.
2. Result tree management. Before the flowering, a circular groove method was adopted. N, P and compound fertilizer were applied to each tree and 2-3 kg were applied immediately after fertilization. 0.3% urea was sprayed on the foliage before flowering. Artificial pollination during flowering to increase fruit setting.
3, soil management. After the snow melts, it is necessary to loosen the tree plates in time to ensure loose soil, increase the permeability of the soil, and promote root growth.
4, prevention of rot disease. Due to the abnormal climate of the warm winter and the snowstorm disaster, apple rot disease aggravated. Therefore, regular inspections should be conducted in time to find out that the lesions should be timely cured. Before the germination, the entire tree was sprayed with a 50-h lime sulfur mixture.
5, clear the snow under the tree, stacked in the line.
6. Catch the quick-effect fertilizer before germination to promote flower bud development. Spray water retaining agent on the tree to prevent drawing.
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