Due to the development of facility cultivation, the production of Chinese cabbage has reached the requirements for the annual supply of the four seasons cultivation, mainly including the cultivation of spring cabbage in plastic greenhouses, the cultivation of spring cabbage in open fields, the cultivation of summer cabbage, the cultivation of early-maturing Chinese cabbage in autumn, and the cultivation of Chinese cabbage in late autumn. Taking the cultivation of spring cabbage in a plastic greenhouse as an example, the cultivation and management techniques are introduced.
1. Varieties and Seedlings (1) Varieties Many early-maturing varieties with strong winter and stubborn pods are used, and there are spring and summer kings, Luchunbai 1 and other varieties.
(2) Nursery generally adopts electrothermal hotbed breeding. The proportion of seedbed soil is: 7 parts of Datian soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, and 0.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per cubic meter of soil. After fully mixing, paving Seed bed for planting. One week before sowing, the seedlings were soaked in water, sowed after drying, covered with soil, and the germination temperature was controlled at 20-25 degrees Celsius. After the seeds are ejected, keep the seedbed temperature no lower than 15 degrees Celsius. In the seedling stage, when the temperature is maintained at a temperature of not less than 15 degrees Celsius, the seedlings should be exposed to sunlight as much as possible. Seedlings are generally not fertilized.
2. Soil selection and planting Before planting, the best crop is non-cruciferous vegetable. Timely deep plowing, drying, spreading wet. Apply 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters. Then level the floor and rake it down to prepare for ridges. In order to facilitate field management, it is best to make a ridge size of 60 cm and 40 cm. Under the ridge, 30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters.
Colonization should be conducted on sunny mornings. Before planting until easing seedlings, it is required that the temperature be maintained at 20-25 degrees Celsius during the day and not less than 15 degrees Celsius at night. The seedling period is not top-dressing. After easing the seedlings, the temperature is controlled at 18-22 degrees Celsius during the day and 13-15 degrees Celsius at night.
3, watering and fertilizing In the fertilizer, water management, should take a way to promote the end, fertilizer, water attack until harvest. It is generally the first time that the seedlings are poured and the water enters from under the mulching film between the rows. It is advisable that the water can run to the ridge roof. When entering the group, combined with watering topdressing once available nitrogen fertilizer, apply 15 kg of urea per 667 square meters. After entering the rosette period, topdressing with diammonium phosphate or ternary compound fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer is appropriate at 20 kg per 667 square meters. Fertilizer can be applied with water. Stop watering 10 days before harvest.
4. Temperature regulation and light control (1) Temperature requirements for different growth periods Different germination periods require higher temperatures, and germination temperature is 20-25 degrees Celsius. The suitable temperature for the seedling stage is 22-25 degrees Celsius. Rosette period is more stringent on the temperature, the average daily temperature is appropriate to 17-22 degrees Celsius. The nodule period is the period of product formation. Strictly required suitable temperature is suitable for 12-22 degrees Celsius. The most suitable period of sleep is 0-2 degrees Celsius. Below -2 degrees Celsius prone to frost damage, more than 5 degrees Celsius easily rot. Convulsions are suitable for 12-16 degrees Celsius. The higher temperatures are required for flowering and podning, and the daily average temperature is 17-20 degrees Celsius.
Cabbage also requires a certain amount of accumulated temperature throughout the growing season and each stage. Within a suitable temperature range, a higher temperature can obtain a sufficient accumulated temperature within a few days; a lower temperature requires a greater number of days to obtain a sufficient accumulated temperature. The accumulated temperature needed for late-maturing varieties is significantly higher than that of early-maturing varieties. It is precisely because the number of growth days depends to a large extent on the accumulated temperature during the growth period. Therefore, attention should be paid to the introduction between different regions.
(2) The photosynthesis of Chinese cabbage is closely related to the light intensity. Under normal circumstances, the intensity of daytime direct light in the growth period of Chinese cabbage can meet the needs of growth. However, there are many levels of rosette leaves, and most of the leaves in the middle and lower layers receive scattered light, which significantly reduces photosynthesis. However, due to long-term growth in low light, the middle and lower leaves have a certain degree of adaptability to weak light and create conditions for proper close planting.
The intensity of light has a certain relationship with the development and uprightness of the outer leaves of cabbage and the formation of leaf spheres. Strong light allows the blade to develop, and weak light erects the blade. The opposite is true under low light conditions, with the leaves upright. The old leaves are unresponsive to light, so they are more developed and the new leaves are more responsive, so they are more erect. The outer bulb of the center of the rosette receives light and tends to stand upright. The leaves of the inner layer of the ball are weaker or unable to receive light, and thus form a leaf ball.
5. Harvesting, Storage and Transportation After the formation of leaf ball, Chinese cabbage should be harvested in time, especially the Chinese cabbage with spring knots.