At present, there is a serious excess of nitrogen fertilizer production capacity, and structural adjustment and upgrading are urgently needed. This depends on the adjustment of the backbone enterprises' own product structure. If backbone enterprises can actively transfer surplus production capacity to high-end fine chemical products, they will be able to control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizers during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. The entire industry and the enterprises themselves can easily achieve product structure adjustment, optimization and upgrading, and improve core industry competition. force. This is a reporter’s expert opinion on the coal gasification technology and nitrogen fertilizer (methanol) enterprise product structure adjustment seminar.
Last year, the country’s nitrogenous fertilizer production capacity was 47 million tons (equivalent to pure nitrogen) and urea production capacity was 66 million tons (in kind), ranking first in the world. However, the urea production capacity exceeded 10 million tons. Overcapacity has become one of the outstanding issues in the industry. . At present, there are many difficulties and challenges in adjusting the industrial structure and transformation and upgrading. With the construction of large-scale fertilizer facilities in the western raw material base, the construction capacity has exceeded 20 million tons/year. If we count these production capacities in the western region, there will be excess nitrogen fertilizer production capacity. amazing. In the case of overcapacity, the enterprise has become the executor from the maker of fertilizer prices. The nitrogen fertilizer enterprises have not yet been able to transfer to the downstream products, and the loss of enterprises has increased, which has brought certain difficulties for the accumulation of corporate capital. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizer production is characterized by resources and energy. Under the environment where the whole society attaches great importance to energy conservation and emission reduction, nitrogen fertilizer companies are detained with “two high and one capital†hats. In order to complete energy-saving and emission reduction targets, local governments have included nitrogen fertilizer companies in key assessment targets. The preferential policies of local governments have greatly devalued. In addition, railway freight and electricity prices have been raised several times, and coal prices have gradually increased, making the production and operating costs of nitrogen fertilizer enterprises. rise.
Participating experts believe that the bottom line of the adjustment of nitrogen fertilizer business structure is to achieve the elimination and balance of production capacity, digestion capacity can not rely on large-scale increase in agriculture, in the next few years, the growth rate of agricultural application rate at most 3%. Can not rely on exports to pull, the international market demand is also falling. In terms of total amount, the production capacity of large-scale enterprises accounts for a large proportion, and the enterprises producing 500,000 tons/year of synthetic ammonia in the country account for 77% of the total output capacity of synthetic ammonia in the country, while the proportion of small-scale production capacity is very small.
In addition, nitrogen fertilizer companies that use coal as raw materials are a branch of coal chemical industry, and nitrogen fertilizer companies have a prerequisite for the development of coal chemical industry. At the same time, traditional nitrogen fertilizer companies are located in market centers and have strong social supporting capabilities. The development of coal chemical industry has obvious advantages. Nitrogenous fertilizer companies use gasification as a leader and ammonia alcohol as a basis for deep processing of syngas. They can make use of the advantages of resources in the western region, achieve industrial upgrading through diversification of related products, and develop and promote mutual development of chemical fertilizers and chemicals, thereby effectively channeling and transferring surplus production capacity and improving economic efficiency.
Yang Chunsheng, president of the Shandong Chemical Fertilizer Association, believes that the restructuring and upgrading of the nitrogen fertilizer industry depends on the adjustment of the backbone enterprises' own product structure. Through the adjustment of product structure, the production capacity was actively transferred, and the excess capacity was shifted to high-end products and fine chemical products.
According to report, enterprises in the industry have started to take the initiative in transition. Anhui Huaihua Group Co., Ltd. has taken the lead in eliminating backward production capacity in the industry, eliminated 180,000 tons/year of synthetic ammonia production equipment, and completed 300,000 tons/year of synthetic ammonia technology upgrade. Synthetic ammonia capacity is 480,000 tons/year. The company proposed that during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, the urea production capacity should be maintained at 520,000 tons/year, accelerate the upgrading of technology, enrich the fine chemical product chain, and open up new chemical materials. By the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the company’s coal chemical industry sales revenue exceeded 10 billion yuan. Sichuan Chemical Holdings (Group) Co., Ltd. will develop strategic emerging industries during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period to reduce its dependence on fertilizer production and operations and increase the proportion of new chemical products in the company’s products. Shandong Union Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. uses the advantage of coal chemical resources to build a new 50,000-tonne/year ethyleneamine project and move toward fine chemicals. They use the advantages of petrochemical resources to implement coal chemical and petrochemical integration strategies. At present, they are planning to build an octanol project to further expand the fine chemical industrial chain.
Yang Chunsheng said that if 50 large companies take 60,000 tons of synthetic ammonia capacity to transform other products, they will digest 3 million tons of synthetic ammonia and 5 million tons of urea production capacity, which is equivalent to the country's total urea exports in 2008. He pointed out that it is easy for large-scale backbone enterprises to turn out 60,000 tons of synthetic ammonia production capacity to other products, and it is also easy to do.
Acids exist universally in our life. There are both numerous kinds of natural acid compounds with biological functions and massive synthesized acids which are used in many ways.
In industry
Acids are fundamental reagents in treating almost all processes in today's industry. In the chemical industry, acids react in neutralization reactions to produce salts. For example, nitric acid reacts with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate, a fertilizer. Additionally, carboxylic acids can be esterified with alcohols, to produce esters. Acids are often used to remove rust and other corrosion from metals in a process known as pickling. They may be used as an electrolyte in a wet cell battery, such as sulfuric acid in a car battery.
In food
Many acids can be found in various kinds of food as additives, as they alter their taste and serve as preservatives. Phosphoric acid, for example, is a component of cola drinks. Acetic acid is used in day-to-day life as vinegar. Citric Acid is used as a preservative in sauces and pickles. Certain acids are used as drugs. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) is used as a pain killer and for bringing down fevers.
Acid catalysis
Acids are used as catalysts in industrial and organic chemistry; for example, sulfuric acid is used in very large quantities in the alkylation process to produce gasoline. Some acids, such as sulfuric, phosphoric, and hydrochloric acids, also effect dehydration and condensation reactions. In biochemistry, many enzymes employ acid catalysis.
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