The locomotive is designed with a "bullet" shape, which is essential for high-speed rail systems. According to Huang Qiang, when train speeds exceed 160 km/h, air resistance increases significantly. To address this, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail will use a streamlined "bullet" design that reduces drag and minimizes the micro-pressure wave created when trains enter tunnels. He compared it to pulling out a cork from a bottle, which creates a sudden sound. Similarly, when a train enters a tunnel, it compresses the air inside, causing loud noises and pressure waves. The new design helps reduce both resistance and noise, making the journey smoother and more efficient.
The windshield of the high-speed train is currently undergoing development and anti-collision testing. Huang Qiang explained that high-speed trains are more likely to encounter obstacles such as birds, stones, rain, and fog than airplanes. Therefore, the windshield must be highly resistant to impacts and provide excellent visibility. It is being tested by dropping steel bullets from a height to simulate real-world conditions. In the future, the windshield will be made of multiple composite materials, offering long-term protection against weathering, erosion, and easy cleaning.
The entire train body is coated with sealed aluminum alloy, similar to the design used in Tibet's trains. Aluminum alloy is lighter than steel, helping to reduce the overall weight of the train and improve speed. It also offers better air tightness, which is crucial during high-speed operation when pressure changes occur. The car body must be made from a single piece of aluminum alloy to ensure structural integrity and strength.
The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is expected to have a significant impact on civil aviation. Wang Ming, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission’s Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute, believes that while the high-speed rail may take some passengers from the skies to the ground, both modes of transport can coexist. Although flying between Shanghai and Beijing takes only two hours, the total travel time including airport transfers can be up to five hours. With the high-speed rail reducing travel time and offering lower fares, it is likely to attract many travelers. However, improved ground transportation to airports could help restore some of aviation’s advantages. On the other hand, the high-speed rail will dominate the passenger market between cities like Nanjing, Xuzhou, and Jinan due to its efficiency and affordability.
Once completed, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail will not only serve the main route but also extend its influence to the Yangtze River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Trains traveling at speeds of 200 km/h or higher will be able to connect major cities such as Harbin, Shenyang, Lanzhou, Xi’an, Chengdu, and Urumqi, drastically cutting down travel times. Experts predict that future passenger lines in these regions will also benefit from the high-speed network, allowing for even greater connectivity.
The existing Beijing-Shanghai Railway, which is currently overburdened, will transition to a freight-only line after the completion of the high-speed rail. This will free up capacity for passenger services and significantly increase the freight capacity of the old line. The new high-speed line will cut travel time between Beijing and Shanghai by nearly 9 hours, transporting over 80 million passengers annually in one direction. It will become a critical link for both passenger and freight transportation, boosting economic growth along the route.
According to estimates, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail is expected to recover its costs within 8 years. Professor Sun Zhang of Tongji University highlights the economic significance of the project, comparing it to Japan’s Shinkansen, which played a key role in the country’s economic growth. The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail is expected to enhance the integration of the Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai Sea regions, driving regional development and creating new opportunities for trade and mobility.
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