The current state and characteristics of automatic water supply device technology are primarily based on micro-sprinkler irrigation systems. These systems typically use pumps such as self-priming centrifugal pumps, deep well pumps, and submersible pumps. Self-priming centrifugal pumps are known for their compact design and ease of operation, but they have a complex manufacturing process, long priming time, low efficiency, and high operational costs. Deep well and submersible pumps, although capable of lifting water from greater depths, have limited flow rates. In particular, deep well pumps require long drive shafts, which increase material usage, cost, and make installation and maintenance more challenging.
This paper introduces an improved centrifugal pump-based automatic water supply system designed to address the shortcomings of traditional pumps in automatic irrigation setups. The system is characterized by lower investment, higher efficiency, faster startup, greater head and flow capacity, reduced operating costs, and easier maintenance and repair.
The working principle of a standard centrifugal pump relies on the principle of centrifugal force. Before starting, the pump and suction pipe must be filled with water, or a vacuum pump may be used to prime it. In contrast, the automatic water supply device for centrifugal pumps works by manually priming the well pump and suction pipe, using check valves and gate valves to ensure that the pump and suction line remain continuously filled with water, allowing it to start at any time.
The installation process involves several key steps: first, installing a bottom valve connected to a well pipe tee on the surface of the well pipe, followed by the installation of a valve and hand-pump above the well pipe. Then, the pump is connected to a check valve, and the water supply pipe and valve are reconnected. Pressure gauges are installed on the pressure tank, and distribution facilities are set up on the ground.
Technical requirements include: (1) installing the bottom valve of the well pipe on the ground; (2) ensuring that the outlet pipe of the pressure tank is at least 0.5 meters higher than the pump’s outlet pipe; and (3) maintaining the water level in the pressure tank higher than the water level in the pump’s intake pipe before the first water supply.
Technically, this device offers several advantages over conventional centrifugal pumps. It eliminates the need for manual priming or vacuum pumping during each start-up, allows for frequent startups, and facilitates automation. It also avoids the self-priming process, reducing mechanical wear and improving startup speed. Compared to self-priming centrifugal pumps, it uses standard centrifugal pumps with higher efficiency. Additionally, it can operate effectively at similar depths.
From an economic perspective, the device reduces the need for manual or purchased vacuum pumps, lowers investment in water source projects and auxiliary infrastructure, and simplifies maintenance and installation.
This system is suitable for various applications, including medium-sized water-saving irrigation areas, rural tap water systems, urban water projects, and industrial water districts. It is particularly effective in groundwater irrigation areas where the depth of underground pipes does not exceed 10 meters, including the depth of the pump house.
In conclusion, this automatic water supply device enhances the performance of standard centrifugal pumps and expands their application range. Compared to well pumps and submersible pumps, it offers better flow and head capabilities while maintaining simplicity and cost-effectiveness.
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