Differentiating the emission standards of vehicles has always plagued many car owners. In fact, as long as you have the environmental protection signs or the factory certificate of the vehicle, there will be obvious marks. If it is not indicated, it can basically be judged according to the year.
Country I
From 1983 to July 31, 2002, the national I emission standard vehicle was also called the yellow standard vehicle. The vehicles before July 31, 2002 were basically yellow standard vehicles. As of last year, there were 391,000 gasoline and diesel vehicles in the country of China and below, accounting for 6.98% of the city's 5.6 million vehicle ownership. According to the arrangement of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the next step, the national I vehicles will be eliminated.
Country II
August 1, 2002 - December 29, 2005 In order to meet the air quality requirements for the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing will implement the national second-stage emission standards for motor vehicles earlier than August 1, 2002. New vehicles with second-stage emission standards are not allowed to go public in Beijing and apply for vehicle registration.
As of 2014, Beijing has 580,000 gasoline and diesel vehicles.
Country III
From December 30, 2005 to February 28, 2008, since December 30, 2005, the sale of new stereotypes (including new products and product extensions and changes) in Beijing requires the installation of an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system, 2006. After December 1st, the sale of new cars without OBD system in Beijing was stopped. Beijing entered the National III era in 2007.
Country IV
From March 1, 2008 to January 31, 2013, starting from December 30, 2005, Beijing took the lead in implementing the national third and fourth stage motor vehicle emission standards, equivalent to European No. 3 and No. 4 emission standards. China III and China IV sold in parallel, and on March 1, 2008, the National III vehicle was completely suspended.
Country V
February 1, 2013 -
On February 1, 2013, Beijing officially implemented the Beijing Municipality's fifth phase of local vehicle emission standards (referred to as “Beijing Vâ€, equivalent to the European No. 5 standard). After implementing the fifth-stage motor vehicle emission standards, they are in line with the emission standards currently implemented by the EU.
Remarks: Due to the crossover of the five-stage emission standard year, some models may be higher than the discharge standards of the year in which they are located, so the final verification by the vehicle management department shall prevail.
A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope or chain wraps. It may be manually operated, electrically or pneumatically driven and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting medium.
The basic hoist has two important characteristics to define it: Lifting medium and power type. The lifting medium is either wire rope, wrapped around a drum, or load-chain, raised by a pulley with a special profile to engage the chain. The power can be provided by different means. Common means are hydraulics, electrical and air driven motors. Both the wire rope hoist and chain hoist have been in common use since the 1800s, however mass production of an Electric Hoist did not start until the early 1900s and was first adapted by Germany. A hoist can be built as one integral-package unit, designed for cost-effective purchasing and moderate use, or it can be built as a built-up custom unit, designed for durability and performance. The built-up hoist will be much more expensive, but will also be easier to repair and more durable. Package units were once regarded as being designed for light to moderate usage, but since the 60s this has changed. Built-up units are designed for heavy to severe service, but over the years that market has decreased in size since the advent of the more durable packaged hoist. A machine shop or fabricating shop will use an integral-package hoist, while a Steel Mill or NASA would use a built-up unit to meet durability, performance, and repairability requirements. NASA has also seen a change in the use of package hoists. The NASA Astronaut training pool, for example, utilizes cranes with packaged hoists.
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