The products of the iron alloy according to different functions into "normal" and "special" ferroalloy two categories, Common iron alloy generally comprises ferrosilicon, manganese high carbon iron, manganese and silicon alloy, low-carbon ferromanganese, etc., mainly as steel Smelting deoxidizer and improving casting performance during casting ; special iron alloys include high carbon ferrochrome , medium and low carbon ferrochrome, micro carbon ferrochrome, ferrochrome nitride, ferromanganese nitride, silicon chrome alloy, rare earth iron alloy, silicon calcium Alloys, ferromolybdenum, etc., mainly used as alloying additives for steel smelting, constitute the solid component of steel, used for smelting high-quality steel and special steel. For a specific variety, it is mainly classified according to the metal elements contained, but when other metals are high, it can be classified into another type of iron alloy. For those elements whose main metals are strongly compatible with carbon, they are classified into high, medium and low carbon iron alloys according to their carbon content; iron alloys containing two or more alloying elements are called composite iron alloys. Ferroalloys are available in a variety of ferroalloy powders and alloy clad wires (core wires).
Since the various types of alloyed iron alloys each have their specific uses, there are many varieties and grades. As a big country in steel and ferroalloys, China's ferroalloy varieties are basically complete and complete, and will be developed and expanded in the future. A brief description of some of the major varieties (see table below).
And all kinds of iron components (%) and use
category | Variety | Main ingredient (JIS) | The main purpose |
general through iron Combined gold | Ferromanganese (high carbon) (medium carbon) (low carbon) Ferrosilicon Silicon manganese alloy | Mn65~82, C<8.0, <7.5, <7.0 Mn75~85, C<2.0, <1.5, <1.0 Mn80~92, <0.7, <0.4, <0.2 Si40~95, C<0.2, <0.1 Si14~28, Mn60~72 | Deoxidation, desulfurization, manganese alloying, high manganese steel Deoxidation, desulfurization, manganese alloying, high manganese steel Deoxidation, desulfurization, manganese alloying, high manganese steel Deoxidation, desulfurization, silicon steel, special cast iron Deoxidation, desulfurization, manganese alloying, medium and low carbon manganese Iron raw material |
Object Species iron Combined gold | Ferrochrome (high carbon) (medium carbon) (low carbon) Tungsten iron Ferrovanadium Silicon chromium alloy Manganese Metal chrome | Cr62~72, C<10.0, <9.5, <6.0 Cr63~75, C<4.0, <2.0<1.0 Cr63~75, C<0.50, <0.25 W70~85, C<0.80 V40~75, C<1.00 Si>35, Cr>30, C<0.10 Mn<93.5 Cr>98.0, C<0.80 | Stainless steel, heat resistant steel, structural steel, tool steel Stainless steel, heat resistant steel, structural steel, tool steel Stainless steel, heat resistant steel, structural steel, tool steel High speed steel, heat resistant steel, tool steel, High speed steel, tool steel, structural steel Stainless steel, low carbon ferrochrome raw materials High alloy steel High alloy steel |
Common ferroalloys mainly have the following varieties:
(1) Ferrosilicon. That is, the alloy of silicon and iron, which has various grades of 45%, 65%, 75% and 90% of silicon, is one of the main deoxidizers and alloying agents for steel making.
(2) High carbon ferromanganese. The carbon content is generally 7.0%, up to 7.5%; high carbon ferromanganese is produced in China except for a small part of the electric furnace, and most of it is smelted by blast furnace, so it is also called blast furnace ferromanganese.
(3) Manganese silicon alloy. That is, an alloy of silicon and manganese. Among them, high silicon silicon manganese alloy (silicon containing more than 20%) is a semi-finished product, which is a reducing agent for refining ferromanganese and manganese metal; ordinary manganese silicon alloy (containing less than 20% silicon) is a composite deoxidizer and alloying agent for steel making, small Partially used to produce medium carbon ferromanganese.
(4) Medium and low carbon ferromanganese. A general term for medium carbon ferromanganese and low carbon ferromanganese. The low carbon ferromanganese has a manganese content of 80% to 92%, a carbon content of 0.2% to 0.7%, a medium carbon ferromanganese manganese content of 75% to 85%, and a carbon content of 1.0% to 2%. .0%. For medium and low carbon ferromanganese, in addition to the production of 1500-3500 kVA refining furnace, the new process of refining outside the furnace has been developed. The main raw materials are manganese silicon alloy, manganese rich ore and lime.
Special iron alloys mainly have the following varieties:
(1) High carbon ferrochrome. The high carbon ferrochrome carbon content is from 6.0% to 10.0%. Smelting with a submerged arc furnace, using chrome ore as a raw material, coke as a reducing agent, and silica as a flux.
(2) Medium and low carbon ferrochrome. At present, it is mainly smelted by electric silicon thermal method, generally using silicon chromium alloy, chromite ore and lime as raw materials; using electric arc furnace below 6000 kVA, refined and desiliconized, and at the same time, China also uses oxygen converter to blow high The decarburization method of carbon ferrochrome produces some medium carbon ferrochrome.
(3) Micro-carbon ferrochrome. The process of smelting micro-carbon ferrochrome by electro-silicon thermal method is basically the same as that of medium- and low-carbon ferrochrome. At present, China has produced micro-carbon ferrochrome in the "Polun method" which is partially used for decarburization and refining outside the furnace. For many years, China has also adopted a vacuum solid-state decarburization refining process to produce a small amount of micro-carbon ferrochrome containing less than 0.03% carbon.
(4) Ferrochrome nitride. China's ferrochrome iron product standard specifies a nitrogen content of 3.0% to 5.0% for the production of nitrogen-containing steel, using a vacuum resistance furnace solid state nitriding production process.
(5) Ferric manganese nitride. Using vacuum resistance furnace solid state nitriding production process, the product nitrogen content can reach 3% to 5%. China has not yet established a national standard for ferromanganese nitride.
(6) Silicon chromium alloy. It is the main raw material for the production of medium, low and micro carbon ferrochrome. It is also a steelmaking deoxidizer and alloy additive.
(7) Rare earth iron alloy. That is, an iron alloy containing a rare earth element. The rare earth iron alloys currently produced in China are rare earth ferrosilicon and rare earth magnesium silicon alloys. Rare earth ferrosilicon is used as an additive in steel making and cast iron or as an intermediate alloy such as rare earth magnesium silicon. Rare earth magnesium ferrosilicon is mainly used as a spheroidizing agent for cast iron.
(8) Silicon calcium alloy. In the process of refining high-quality steel and special steel, in order to improve the metallographic structure and physical properties of steel, silicon-calcium alloy is commonly used as a deoxidizer.
(9) aluminum iron. That is, an alloy of molybdenum and iron. About 90% of ferromolybdenum is used in alloy steels, also in alloy cast irons, and some have been replaced by molybdenum oxide compacts.
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