According to the phase and nature of the lake salt deposit, there are three types of mining: one is open-pit mining, directly extracting solid-phase rock salt ore; the other is water-dissolving dissolved salt ore into brine, and then extracting artificial brine and salt lake natural brine. The beach is salted; the third is to obtain regenerated salt from the brine in the beach after the stone salt ore is produced. In short, the lake salt deposits are open-pit mining. The mining method can be divided into mechanical mining and artificial mining according to the level of mechanization and labor intensity. Among them, mechanical mining is subdivided into joint mining machine mining, salt mining, and excavator mining.
1. Combined salt mining machine mining method: After removing the sand cover and loosening the salt cover, the salt is collected by the joint salt mining machine: the salt slurry pump is started-cutting, the loose ore layer is formed into salt particles and uniformly mixed with the intercrystalline brine to form a salt slurry-salt. The slurry pump and the salt pipeline—the hydrocyclone is thickened and then dehydrated by the curved screen—the raw salt enters the loading chute through the hoist—loading.
The mining method of joint salt mining machine requires: the thickness of the mining layer is not less than 2~3 m; the surface of the ore layer is flat and has a certain bearing capacity, generally more than 0.5 MPa; there must be intercrystalline brine in the deposit, and its water level can not be higher than salt. The cover should not be lower than the salt cover by 0.3 m.
2. Salt mining method The salt mining boat can be divided into: picking type salt mining ship, chain bucket salt mining ship, bucket wheel type salt mining ship, grab type salt mining ship, shovel according to the performance of its salt mining equipment. There are 5 categories, such as the Yang type salt boat. Transportation methods in the salt mining are: hydraulic pipeline transportation, salt barge transportation, automobile transportation or small train transportation. Different types of salt mining vessels combined with different on-site transportation modes can form a combination of the cutter suction salt mining vessel and the hydraulic pipeline combination method, the cutter suction salt mining vessel and the automobile (or small train) combined mining method, and the chain bucket. A combination of salt mining ship and barge mining method, bucket wheel salt mining ship and hydraulic pipe combined mining method and other combined mining methods.
In addition, the grab-type salt mining ship and the shovel-type salt mining ship are suitable for mining areas where the surface brine is deep and the salt layer is loose, and the latter can be used in various situations.
3. Excavator mining method Excavator is equipped with four basic devices: positive shovel, back shovel, dragline and grab. It can be selected according to mining needs. The front shovel excavator is used to peel off the waterless cover layer and to mine the salt mine layer which is easy to be drained; the backhoe and bucket chain excavator are used to mine the water-filled ore layer with a certain bearing capacity on the surface, and the mining depth is generally 5 ~8 m, can also be used to excavate ditches; draggers and grab excavators are used to mine thicker water-filled ore deposits, but with lower production efficiency and can also be used to excavate dimples and ditches.
4. Manual mining method
Before hand mining, first select the location and plan properly. Generally, blocks that are not affected by floods, sewage, quicksand, and that have good salt or good quality for regenerating salt should be selected. Each mining area has a length of several hundred to several kilometers and a width of 200-400 m. Each mining area is 50 m apart and arranged in parallel. The mining area is divided into several strips and is parallel to the wide side of the mining area. pit.
Mining process: cleaning the brine cover (or sand cover) → wearing loose (drilling) salt layer → pulling salt to wash salt → salting (spooning) → sealing → measuring salt pounds → loading → export
1. Combined salt mining machine mining method: After removing the sand cover and loosening the salt cover, the salt is collected by the joint salt mining machine: the salt slurry pump is started-cutting, the loose ore layer is formed into salt particles and uniformly mixed with the intercrystalline brine to form a salt slurry-salt. The slurry pump and the salt pipeline—the hydrocyclone is thickened and then dehydrated by the curved screen—the raw salt enters the loading chute through the hoist—loading.
The mining method of joint salt mining machine requires: the thickness of the mining layer is not less than 2~3 m; the surface of the ore layer is flat and has a certain bearing capacity, generally more than 0.5 MPa; there must be intercrystalline brine in the deposit, and its water level can not be higher than salt. The cover should not be lower than the salt cover by 0.3 m.
2. Salt mining method The salt mining boat can be divided into: picking type salt mining ship, chain bucket salt mining ship, bucket wheel type salt mining ship, grab type salt mining ship, shovel according to the performance of its salt mining equipment. There are 5 categories, such as the Yang type salt boat. Transportation methods in the salt mining are: hydraulic pipeline transportation, salt barge transportation, automobile transportation or small train transportation. Different types of salt mining vessels combined with different on-site transportation modes can form a combination of the cutter suction salt mining vessel and the hydraulic pipeline combination method, the cutter suction salt mining vessel and the automobile (or small train) combined mining method, and the chain bucket. A combination of salt mining ship and barge mining method, bucket wheel salt mining ship and hydraulic pipe combined mining method and other combined mining methods.
In addition, the grab-type salt mining ship and the shovel-type salt mining ship are suitable for mining areas where the surface brine is deep and the salt layer is loose, and the latter can be used in various situations.
3. Excavator mining method Excavator is equipped with four basic devices: positive shovel, back shovel, dragline and grab. It can be selected according to mining needs. The front shovel excavator is used to peel off the waterless cover layer and to mine the salt mine layer which is easy to be drained; the backhoe and bucket chain excavator are used to mine the water-filled ore layer with a certain bearing capacity on the surface, and the mining depth is generally 5 ~8 m, can also be used to excavate ditches; draggers and grab excavators are used to mine thicker water-filled ore deposits, but with lower production efficiency and can also be used to excavate dimples and ditches.
4. Manual mining method
Before hand mining, first select the location and plan properly. Generally, blocks that are not affected by floods, sewage, quicksand, and that have good salt or good quality for regenerating salt should be selected. Each mining area has a length of several hundred to several kilometers and a width of 200-400 m. Each mining area is 50 m apart and arranged in parallel. The mining area is divided into several strips and is parallel to the wide side of the mining area. pit.
Mining process: cleaning the brine cover (or sand cover) → wearing loose (drilling) salt layer → pulling salt to wash salt → salting (spooning) → sealing → measuring salt pounds → loading → export
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