The amount of discards should be minimized when processing mineral raw materials, but the problem of tailings accumulation is still unavoidable. At present, Russian waste has reached 12 billion tons. In many cases, the amount of useful components therein exceeds the content of natural mineral deposits. For example, over the past 20 to 30 years of placer mining and multi-metal mine old tailings gold grade of 1.2 ~ 2.0g / t. Reprocessing of tailings containing colored metals in mine tailings dams, in many cases, the complexity of the process, which may include re-election, flotation and hydrometallurgy. According to its technical and economic indicators and the quality of the concentrate obtained, it is not competitive. It may be economically advantageous to recover useful components from the current beneficiation tailings.
As evidenced by foreign and Russian experience, the application of heap leaching can cost-effectively break down gold and non-ferrous metals in rock and beneficiation waste. Russia has also accumulated good experience in heap leaching of gold from beneficiation tailings. According to the similar process developed by the Central Nonferrous Metals and Precious Metals Exploration and Research Institute, the processing of tailings containing 1.5g/t gold in the South Ural Gold Company can guarantee a recovery rate of 50% to 60%.
According to the natural protection policy of tailings dam construction, it is necessary to form a process-causing deposit as much as possible in the tailings accumulation, that is, the tailings are subjected to alluvial action, so that the metal minerals are enriched in the edge area of ​​the tailings dam so as to be recycled in an appropriate way. Useful for metal minerals without compromising the stability of the dam.
The gold-containing old tailings are ground, added with polyacrylamide to flocculate gold and sulfide, and then added with collector butyl xanthate, combined with coal -oil agglomerating agent, and finally floated, and the gold concentrate obtained contains 16g/ t Au, the recovery was 85%.
俄罗斯希宾Trask apatite - nepheline ores addition to the main component and apatite nepheline, but also an iron ore containing titanium magnet, and sphene Aegirine. In the past, magnetic separation, flotation and re-election were used to comprehensively utilize titanium magnetite, vermiculite and neolith. However, due to high production cost, lack of effective flotation reagents, complicated process flow and low ore dressing index, the process has not been adopted in the industry. Recently, chemical and mechanical beneficiation processes have been used to obtain vermiculite concentrate and neon concentrate. The solution not only stabilizes the high quality vermiculite concentrate and neon concentrate, but also greatly reduces the influence of the feed composition on the process index.
The Finnish apatite flotation tailings contain vermiculite and neolithic. Chemical method for preparing vermiculite concentrate: hydrodynamic classification, wet weak magnetic separation, wet screening to remove the remaining nepheline and apatite in the apatite flotation tailings; using high gradient magnetic separation to obtain the neolith concentrate 1; Two stages of sulfuric acid leaching, removing nepheline and apatite again; dry magnetic separation to obtain vermiculite concentrate and neon concentrate 2 . The first stage leaching temperature is 20 to 30 ° C sulfuric acid concentration does not exceed 11.5%, the second stage leaching temperature is 45 to 55 ° C, and the sulfuric acid concentration is 5% to 10%.
The vermiculite concentrate obtained by the Kibinsk apatite company is leached by nitric acid, and the leachate contains calcium nitrate, which is treated with sulfuric acid to obtain a gypsum product and regenerated nitric acid. The nitric acid leaching residue is subjected to sulfation and water leaching, the leaching residue is discarded, the solution is hydrolyzed and the sulfuric acid is hydrolyzed to obtain a TiOHP0 4 ·H 2 0 adsorbent and artificial rutile.
Kazakhstan copper companies Barr Hashemi copper smelter copper slag accumulation in 2002 of about 30 million t, an average of 0.6% to 0.8% copper, currently produces 600,000 t copper slag every year. The company has been using floatation to treat copper slag since 1998. In 2001, the treatment of copper slag was 3.095 million tons, and the slag treated by flotation accounted for 33% of the total treatment. The copper slag is ground to 65%-0.074mm and floated. The copper concentrate recovery rate is 36%-65%.
The copper smelting slag contains 1.2% Cu, SiO 2 <20%, and Fe 55%. The process of recovering copper includes slow cooling, crushing, grinding, flotation and flotation tailings magnetic separation. Flotation application of butyl xanthate and T-80 foaming agent, concentrate copper grade of 10.7%, the recovery rate of 89.7%. Magnetic separation at 0.15T magnetic induction, the iron concentrate grade obtained is 60%, and its quality meets the smelting requirements.
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SMS: Spunbond non-woven fabric + meltblown non-woven fabric + spunbonded non-woven fabric = three-layer fiber web hot-rolled, which is a composite non-woven fabric. The non-woven equipment uses a double-bearing enclosed bushing with high precision , The fiber can be fully carded, and the cotton web will be evenly added. Non-woven equipment is mainly a kind of mechanical equipment that uses non-woven fabrics, melt-blown fabrics, etc. as raw materials, and uses the pressure-cutting function of ultrasonic waves to produce filter cotton of various shapes and sizes. It produces spunbonded and melt-blown composite products. , Has the advantages of high strength, good filtering performance, no adhesive, non-toxic and so on. It is non-toxic, tasteless, and highly effective in separating bacteria. Through the special treatment of the equipment, it can achieve antistatic, anti-alcohol, anti-plasma, water repellent and water production properties. Mainly used in medical and health labor protection products such as surgical gowns, surgical caps, protective clothing, hand washing clothes, handbags, etc. The thin SMS non-woven fabric (10-25gsm), due to its waterproof and breathable properties, is especially suitable for the sanitary market, such as sanitary napkins, sanitary pads, baby diapers, adult incontinence diapers, side leakage prevention and backing, etc. Medium-thickness SMS non-woven fabric (25-50gsm), suitable for use in medical treatment, making surgical gowns, surgical wraps, surgical drapes, sterilization bandages, wound placards, plasters, etc. It is also suitable for industrial use. Make work clothes, protective clothing, etc. SMS products are more suitable for high-quality medical protective materials due to their good isolation performance, especially those SMS products that have undergone three anti-static and anti-static treatments, and have been widely used worldwide. Thick SMS products (>55gsm) are widely used as high-efficiency filter materials for various gases and liquids. At the same time, they are also excellent high-efficiency oil-absorbing materials. They are used in industrial waste water degreasing, marine oil cleaning and industrial wipes.
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