Copper has been subjected to many stages from the underground mining to the end of copper products, such as wires or pipes.
Mining, breaking
The initial stage of all raw copper is the mining of sulfide ore and oxidized ore, which, after excavation or blasting, is broken into walnut-sized ore.
Grinding
The broken ore is ground into a powder in a ball mill or rod milled large crusher . The copper in the powder is less than 1%. The sulphide ore enters the beneficiation stage, and the oxidized ore enters the leaching tank as programmed.
Dressing
The ore after beneficiation contains about 15% copper. The waste is discarded and the water is recovered. The tailings containing copper oxide are programmed into the leaching tank or returned to the surrounding tailings pond.
After beneficiation, cathode pure copper can be obtained in two different ways: leaching-electrolysis or smelting-electrolytic refining.
Leaching
The oxidized ore and tailings are leached with a weak acid solution to produce a dilute copper sulfate solution.
Electrolytic deposition
The copper-rich solution is processed and enters the cell. When energized, the copper ions in the solution move directly to the initial plate made of pure copper sheet. Precious metals can be extracted from the solution.
Smelting
After several melting and refining processes, the copper content continues to increase, which in turn gives matte and blister copper and the final 99% pure copper. The recovered copper starts from remelting and is used again.
Electrolytic refining
The cast anode plate, which is almost pure copper, is immersed in the electrolytic cell. Upon energization, copper ions are transferred from the anode to the starting plate made of pure copper sheet, where they are deposited to form 300 pounds of cathode copper. Gold, silver and platinum can be recovered from the used electrolyte.
Pure copper cathode plate
99.9% pure copper cathode can be transported to a processing plant or foundry for melting. Cathode copper can also be cast into wire rods, blanks, ingots or ingots, typically as pure copper or alloyed with other metals.
Cathode copper is converted into
The wire rod - 1/2 inch in diameter, can be drawn into various specifications of pure copper wire by the wire factory.
Billet - 30 feet long and 8 inches in diameter pure copper, which is sawn and then extruded and drawn into rods and bars of various sizes and shapes. Garden bars can be used for forging.
Ingot-pure copper billets, typically 8 inches thick and up to 28 feet in length, can be hot rolled-cold rolled to produce sheets, strips and foils.
Ingots - pure copper blocks, which can be used to alloy with other metals or used by foundries to produce castings .
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